Margaret Hill - a mystery solved...

 

Sometime in 1834, 20 year old Julia Fox commenced employment as a house maid for Miss Frances Harley, in her home in the village of Cowley, near Uxbridge, Middlesex in England.  Miss Harley was a single lady of independent means, the sister of the then Earl of Oxford, so this would have been quite a prestigious household.

Also in the Harley household at that time was young footman Thomas Whitley.  Julia apparently caught Thomas’s eye, and the pair formed a relationship. Julia claimed Thomas had pursued her and made promises of marriage, but when she realised she was pregnant in mid-1835, those promises disappeared and Thomas told her he could do nothing for her and she would need to take care of herself.

With her employer unaware of her predicament, Julia left her position and went to stay nearby with her brother until she could find other employment.  Her brother is not named but worked as a painter for a Coach Maker and had lodgings in nearby Uxbridge.

After a couple of months there, Julia found a position with a family named Todd, residing at 21 Somerset Street, Portman Square. This did not last long, as the family moved away.  By now at an advanced stage of her pregnancy, Julia took lodgings with a Mrs Bright of 13 Queen Street, Grosvenor Square, where her baby girl was born on 13 December 1835. The birth was attended by a neighbour, Mrs Burton from number 3 Queen Street.

With her baby only a month or so old, Julia had to find a means of support. She was recommended for a position as wet nurse, and left her own little girl in the care of Mrs Pearson at 178 Oxford Street while she went to feed another woman’s baby.  John Fearon, a solicitor, and his wife Jessy had recently become parents to a baby girl also named Jessy. They lived at 42 Chester Terrace Regents Park. Whether Mrs Fearon was unable to feed her own baby, or whether she followed the custom of women of her class and chose not to do so, is not known. However, she reported being very pleased with Julia and found her to be of good character.

By April of 1836, Julia had to consider further options to provide for her child. She made application to the London Foundling Hospital to have her little girl accepted for care there.

Early picture of Foundling Hospital 1754
http://catalogue.wellcomelibrary.org/record=b1194805

The London Foundling Hospital first opened its doors to accept destitute children in 1741. The rules governing acceptance into the hospital changed in various ways over the years. By the time Julia was applying for her baby, the rules were that the child should be no more than 12 months old, the mother must be single, and the father unable to be held accountable.

Julia’s application was supported by character references and details of her situation, and after attempts to contact Thomas were unsuccessful, and correspondence to Miss Harley went unanswered, baby number 19891 was accepted into the Institution on 30 April 1836. We don’t know what name Julia had given her baby girl, but the following day she was baptised and became Margaret Hill.

The Foundling Hospital - Coram Story : Coram Story

Records held by the Foundling Hospital show that Margaret was “sent to the country”, a common arrangement for fostering. This would have been for about 5 years, before she returned to London where she was educated, learning to read and write. On 14 May 1850 Margaret made her Confirmation. Then at 15 years of age, she was apprenticed to Alfred Bowden, a surgeon, residing at 5 St Marks Terrace, Brompton, Kensington, to be instructed in household duties.

After 3 years, Margaret moved on from there to the household of Robert Henry Hill, of 2 Lloyd Square, Pentonville, to continue instruction in household duties. Margaret spent 2 years in this position, before leaving London for Southampton on 3 March 1856, where she sailed on 9 March on board the ship “Alfred the Great” for Geelong, Victoria.  Arriving in Geelong on 4 June, Margaret gained employment as a housemaid with a Mr. Anderson of Darneville, for an initial period of 3 months at a wage of 25 shillings.

We don’t know if this employment was extended beyond the initial 3 months, or if Margaret found other employment, but somewhere along the way she met my great grandfather James Dewar and they married on 23 June 1859 in Geelong.  

On her marriage certificate, Margaret named her parents as John Hill, a carpenter, and Mary Chipping. It is clear from the Foundling Hospital records that this is not true, and these names were part of her “new identity”. I wonder if Margaret herself knew this was not true?

What happened to Julia Fox after giving up her baby is as yet unknown, although I am currently exploring her story. She does not appear as Julia Fox in the 1841 England Census. It is possible that she married in the intervening years, making her harder to find.

As for Thomas Whitley, the 1841 Census shows him still in service with Miss Harley at her London town house in Harley Street.  Miss Harley passed away in December 1848, so presumably her household was broken up after that.

Checking my DNA matches for the surnames Fox and Whitley, I found one shared match that traces back to a Julia Fox, but I need to explore that further.  For Thomas, I found 23 shared matches that trace back to a William Whitley and Hannah Parry, of Christleton, Cheshire.  The couple had eight children, the eldest being Thomas, born 1815. I think I’ve found my man!

Interestingly, William Whitley was convicted of larceny in 1833 and sentenced to 14 years transportation to New South Wales.  His wife Hannah and six youngest children followed him out in 1836.  So not only have I found my 2x and 3x great grandparents, but I can also now claim a convict ancestor!

The lives of Julia, Thomas, and William & Hannah will be stories for another day.

https://archives.coram.org.uk

The Gortmore Pilkingtons.....

I first encountered the Gortmore Pilkington family when I travelled to Ireland with my sister in 2007, visiting the Drumcliffe Old Cemetery in Ennis to locate Pilkington family graves. We successfully found the graves of our great grandfather Thomas Pilkington who died in 1884, his father Thomas Pilkington who died in 1838, his grandfather also Thomas Pilkington who died in 1817, 3x great uncle Francis who died in 1801 and 2x great uncle Francis who died in 1810. We knew who all these people were, but what about those other graves? The ones intermingled with ours, that also had the name Pilkington?  These headstones bore the location Gortmore.

Pilkington of Gortmore grave

                                                       

Drumcliffe Old Cemetery, Ennis, Clare, Ireland
© Kaypilk 2007

Thomas (died 1817), Francis (died 1801) and Francis (died 1810) were all resident at Cragleagh, just out of Ennis, at the times of their deaths. Further enquiry revealed Cragleagh and Gortmore were neighbouring townlands, but we didn't follow up any further at that time. 

* Cragleigh or Cragleagh, and Gortmore, Gurtmore or Gurthmore are interchangeable in the various records.

Drumcliffe parish showing location of Gortmore (20) & Cragleagh (12)

In 2014 I went to Ireland alone for the launch of the Waterpark book I had collaborated on. While there, I had been invited to address the Kilrush & District Historical Society about the history of my family in the west of Clare. This was on my last night in Ireland before flying back to England. After my presentation, I was approached by an elderly man who introduced himself as Tom Pilkington from near Ennis. He said his family were originally from Gortmore and he still farmed some land in the area. We exchanged contact details and promised to keep in touch. I deeply regretted not having a couple more days to explore the connection further.

A few months later I received a package from Tom's wife Peggy, containing a family tree, photos and notes from his family, most of whom had emigrated to America over the generations. We both have quite extensive trees going back to the late 1790's, but no obvious link between our two families.

Tom's family tree goes back from him for three generations to James Pilkington, born about 1796 & died 1833.  Mine goes back 5 generations from me to Thomas Pilkington, born about 1742 & died 1817. Tom's family has been Roman Catholic all the way back, mine is Protestant. Both our families have a Thomas in every generation. Both our families tend to have long generations, with the men mostly not marrying and having families until in their late 30's or 40's.

At my suggestion, Tom agreed to do a DNA test, both autosomal and Y-DNA, and his results showed an autosomal match to me, and to my brother on both tests. So the relationship was proven, but we still had no idea how.

I next visited Ireland in 2016 with my husband. Tom and Peggy picked us up from our accommodation in Ennis one day and took us for a lovely drive, pointing out locations of significance to the Pilkington family, including the original Gortmore House. Tom stated he didn't need a DNA test to prove we were related, because we both had the same eyes!

Ruins of original Gortmore House

© Kaypilk 2016

A couple of years later, I found a hand-written transcript of the 1821 Irish census for county Clare on the genealogy website Findmypast. This showed the household of my 2nd great grandfather Thomas Pilkington (1784-1838), living at Cragleigh. As well as Thomas, his wife Anne, their infant daughter Jane and a nurse, was 25 year old James Pilkington listed as a house servant.

In 1825, the Tithe Applotment Books show Thomas Pilkington holding 225 acres of land at Gortmore and an additional 160 acres at Cragleigh.  James Pilkington was the holder of just 7 3/4 acres at Cragleigh. 

Sometime in the later 1820's, James married Anne Lysaght. The couple had three children that have been identified - Charles born around 1828, Thomas born about 1829 and Ellen born in 1830. Charles remained in Ireland on the family farm, while Thomas emigrated to USA in 1848 and Ellen followed in 1850.

The Clare Journal newspaper of 9th May 1831 reports an attack on the home of James Pilkington at Gortmore by the Terry Alts, a local secret society pushing for agricultural reform. The article reports the house and furniture were damaged and James was ordered to quit the 24 acres he held.

According to the headstone erected on his grave at Drumcliffe Cemetery, James Pilkington died in August 1833.  His wife Anne died in 1866.

James was succeeded by his son Charles, who raised a family of 8 children at Gortmore with his wife Margaret Corry.  There is no record of Charles Pilkington or his mother Ann occupying land at Gortmore in the Griffith Valuations records during the 1850's. Thomas Pilkington from my family is still recorded as occupying 208 acres.

In 1877, The Freeman's Journal newspaper (June 27th 1877) carried a report of the bankruptcy of Charles Pilkington of Gurtmore near Ennis.  Charles was described as the brother of Thomas Pilkington (my great-grandfather), who was claiming the sum of £280 in rent arrears. The article stated Charles had acted as a steward for Thomas. A later newspaper report (July 11th 1877) corrected the relationship between the two Pilkington men, stating they were unrelated. 

Whatever the actual relationship was, and undoubtedly there was one, I have so far been unable to discover it. I have a couple of possible theories which I am continuing to explore, but it is difficult with the absence of so many records for that early time period in Ireland.

Tom and I share 11.4cM of DNA. My potential theories would make us either 4th cousins x1 removed, or half 3rd cousins. Both of these relationships are consistent with the amount of shared DNA.

My "cousin" Tom & me in 2016

© Kaypilk 2016

Tom passed away a few years ago, but I was very glad to have had the opportunity to know him. I will continue working to determine our exact relationship.

The Dewar Family bible...

This post explores the family my great-grandfather James Dewar left behind in Scotland when he came to Australia as a young man.

The following document is all the information we had about that family. It is a certified transcript of family details from the Dewar family bible. This is a photocopy given to my family many years ago by a cousin of my fathers, who held the original. The document, certified in 1886 by his brother Alexander in Scotland, was sent to James in Australia. I’d love to know if any distant family member retains possession of the original bible.

The document is witnessed by R.M. Mitchell, Bailie of Glasgow on April 29th1886.  A Bailie was a legal position similar to magistrate or alderman, a bit like a Justice of the Peace in todays terms. If anyone knows what the initials D.R. represent, please let me know.

This piece of paper has been the basis of my research on the Dewar family in Scotland. Secondly, DNA testing has enabled me to trace James' siblings through matches with their descendants. 

James' parents were James Dewar, born 1st November 1792 to parents Adam and Margaret Mellor,* and Margaret Abercrombie, born 5th September 1795 to parents John and Isabella (nee Wails or Walls).

*Adam and Margaret's marriage entry lists her maiden name as Drysdale but this would appear to be an error since all other documentation records it as Mellor.

I am very grateful to another Dewar descendant, a DNA match and distant cousin in Scotland, who found Margarets parent's names in the Poorhouse Records in the Paisley Library in Glasgow and transcribed them. These documents are not available online.

Margaret Abercrombie's family were originally from Sterlingshire, but had moved to Lanarkshire by the time of her birth.

James and Margaret were married 6th July 1816 in Airdrie, New Monkland, Lanarkshire. The parish record indicates they paid 3 shillings & 6 pence to the parish. Like his father before him, James was a baker. The children were born in Kincardine, a village on the northern Forth shore in Fifeshire. By the 1841 census James was listed as a baker in the larger town of Dunfermline a little further along the Forth. 

 

Priory Lane, Dunfermline.
Location of James Dewar's bakers shop.

                                             © Katrina Vincent 2016      

By the next census in 1851, he was still a baker but they had moved to the village of Calderbank, Old Monkland, Lanarkshire.  This region was rapidly industrialising with coal and ironstone mining and the landscape was criss-crossed with private railways operated by the mine owners. In 1856 at the age of 65 while working as a surface worker for the Calderbank Private Mineral Railway, James was hit by a railway locomotive and passed away. His body was interred in the Wellwynd Churchyard in the nearby town of Airdrie.

Old Wellwynd Churchyard

                                   photo from Flickr         

According to the 1861 census, widowed Margaret was working as a cotton-winder and living alone in New Monkland. Her 1870 application for poor relief stated she had been a pauper for 4 years, being partially disabled due to her age of 75 at that time. This record also stated she had recently moved to Glasgow from Paisley. 

The 1871 census recorded Margaret as an unemployed winder. Living with her was 8 year old Jane Dewar, listed as niece, but actually her grand-daughter.  Jane was the daughter of Margaret’s son Alexander.  Margaret died at Springburn 25 July 1872, cause of death listed as old age.

Now for what I have found out about each of these siblings and their families.

Adam:

Born 28 October 1817 in Kincardine, Fife. Adam was the eldest son and became a baker, like his father and grandfather.

Adam married Lilias Beveridge, in 1843 in Crossford, Fifeshire.  The couple had five children born between 1844 and 1856. Lilias died from consumption in 1859.

The following year Adam married again, to widow Jane Chalmers nee Hunter. Jane had an infant daughter, Isabella, who was listed with the family in the 1861 census.

Adam and Jane had two sons born 1863 and 1867.

According to census records, Adam appears to have moved back and forth between Glasgow and Dunfermline several times over the years. By 1893, the couple were back in Glasgow where Adam applied for poor relief. Adam passed away in the Glasgow Poorhouse on 21 July 1894 due to cerebral apoplexy – a stroke, as we know it today.

His wife Jane was admitted to the poorhouse in January 1895, wholly disabled due to rheumatism and bronchitis. She died there in 1897.

John:

Born 20 Oct 1819 in Kincardine, Fife.  He was baptised in 1822 at the same time as his sister Isabella (b1821) in Tulliallan parish.

John became a tailor, and in the 1841 census was living in Airdrie with his uncle Robert Abercrombie and family.

John married in 1843 to Mary Muir.  They had two children – Marion in 1844 and James in 1846. Marion appears to have died young as no further evidence of her found. James went on to become a Minister of Scottish Free Church.

According to the bible document, John died 10 October 1846.  I have not been able to locate a death or burial record for him.  His wife Marion subsequently had two more children with unknown father(s).

I have a DNA match to a descendant of John via his son James.

Isabella:

Born 5^th September 1821 Kincardine.

Married 13^th Nov 1844 in Edinburgh to John Ure.

Isabella and John had no children of their own, but they seem to have taken on the care of her niece Mary Buchanan, born 1856, who appeared with the couple in the 1861 & 1871 Scotland census. Mary and her husband James Brownlie were still living with Isabella & John in the 1881 census, and in 1883 both couples emigrated to the USA.  The Brownlies and the Ures settled in New York.

Isabella was widowed sometime before 1902, but I have not been able to pinpoint an exact time. She remained with the Brownlie family until her own death in 1909.

I have a DNA match to Brownlie descendants in the USA.

Margaret:

Born 6 October 1823 in Kincardine.

Married December 1846 to Michael McLauchlan, a railway worker.

The couple lived in various locations around Glasgow. They had 6 children but it appears only two daughters, Isabella b 1855 and Agnes b 1858, survived to adulthood.

In her later years, Margaret was living with her nephew Samuel Dewar, a son of her brother Alexander. Date of death possibly 1912, but not confirmed.

Janet:

Born 1 August 1825 in Kincardine.

No further confirmed information regarding Janet.

Given that there is no death listed for her in the family bible it is reasonable to assume she was still living at the time the transcript was made in 1886, when she would have been around 60 years old. 

There are a couple of potential marriages for a Janet Dewar, and a couple of census records for a single Janet Dewar, but nothing which will conclusively identify the correct Janet. I’m hoping one day another DNA match will appear! 

Mary:

Born 8^th June 1827 in Kincardine.

Married 16 Dec 1848 to Alexander Fordyce Buchanan in Paisley, Renfrewshire. Alexander was a printer.

10 children identified.

The family emigrated to New York, USA in 1866, where their youngest child Thomas was born.  

Alexander obtained employment in an oil cloth factory, eventually taking over and forming the company A.F Buchanan & Sons in Westchester, New York.  The village of Buchanan was named for the contribution made by the Buchanan family to its development.  History of the Village of Buchanan.

Mary outlived her husband by 2 years, dying in 1902.

I have several DNA matches to Buchanan descendants.

James:

My great-grandfather, born 20 April 1929 in Kincardine.

You can read his story in my previous blog here.

Became a weaver in Scotland, according to his mother’s poor house relief application.

James migrated to Australia in about 1852. He married Margaret Hill in 1859 in Geelong, Victoria.  They had 8 children. He became manager of Lime kilns in Waratah Bay. I’ve written about the Waratah Lime Works in another post here.

James died in 1907, and is buried with his wife Margaret in a little bush cemetery in Walkerville, Victoria.

James Dewar
from Pilkington Family Collection

Alexander Jaffery:

Born 22 September 1832 in Kincardine.

He married in 1855 to Elizabeth Baillie in Coatbridge, Lanarkshire.  The couple had seven children before Elizabeth died in 1868.

Alexander then married Elizabeth’s younger sister Janet in 1871 and had seven more children with her.

Alexander worked as a furnaceman for the ironworks.  He died in 1892 in Glasgow.

Interestingly, the list of James and Margaret's children indicate that the family followed a traditional naming pattern, with the first 4 children named for each of the grandparents, the next (James) after his father, then two girls Janet and Mary named for James and Margarets sisters. Only youngest child Alexander Jaffray is an outlier and was possibly named for a family friend or person of influence.